A solution methodology, based on a boundary-discontinuous generalized double Fourier series approach, is used to solve the highly coupled linear partial differential equations, generated by the HSDT-based laminated shell analysis, with the SS1–SS3-mixed type simply supported boundary conditions prescribed at all four edges. This paper aims to clarify the concept of virtuality to students learning the method, mainly to prevent the confusion which most students have.Ī new analytical solution to the problem of a finite-dimensional general cross-ply plates and doubly curved panels of rectangular planform is presented using a higher order shear deformation theory (HSDT). The term "assumed loading case" is proposed to replace “virtual force system”. Derivations of these methods are carried out using two different approaches in which no virtual forces are introduced and emphasis is made on the fact that the work is virtual. Excerpts from various text books related to the virtual work method for the calculation of deflections using the unit load method, the derivation of Maxwell's Law of Reciprocal Deflections, and Betti's Law are all discussed. The discussion emphasize that the work is virtual rather than the applied unit load or displacement. In this paper several comments are given on the concept of virtuality in the virtual work method. Most of them think that the work is virtual because it results from a virtual force system, even though the adjective virtual in the term "virtual work" describes the work and not the forces. Students studying elementary structural analysis usually experience some confusion in understanding the concept of virtual work.
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